Minggu, 24 November 2013

Important Tourist Places at China

Pudong Skyline
Pudong is a district in Shanghai on the eastern side of the Huangpu River that has emerged as China’s financial and commercial hub. A skyline of gleaming skyscrapers rises out of what was mere farmland only 20 years ago. Skyscrapers includes the symbolic Oriental Pearl Tower, the Shanghai World Financial Center, the Jin Mao Building and the Shanghai Tower that should be finished in 2014.
Mogao Caves
The Mogao Caves form a system of 492 temples 25 km (15.5 miles) southeast of the center of Dunhuang, an oasis strategically located at a crossroads on the Silk Road. The caves contain some of the finest examples of Buddhist art spanning a period of about a 1,000 years. Construction of the Buddhist cave shrines began in 366 AD as places to store scriptures and art. Along with the Longmen Grottoes and Yungang Grottoes, the Mogao Caves are one of the three most famous ancient rock-cut temples in China.
Leshan Giant Buddha
Leshan Giant Buddhaflickr/drs2biz
The Giant Buddha of Leshan is a gigantic Buddha statue carved out of a cliff face in Sichuan, western China. Begun in the year 713 during the Tang Dynasty, the statue was not completed until the year 803, and was the effort of thousands of sculptors and workers. The Leshan Giant Buddha stands about 71 meters (233 feet) high and has three meter (11 feet) long fingers on each of its enormous resting hands.
Mount Huang
One of China’s major tourist destinations, Mount Huang is a mountain range in eastern China also known as Huangshan (“Yellow Mountain”). The area is well known for its scenery, pine trees, peculiarly-shaped granite peaks and views of the clouds from above. In ancient times almost 60,000 stone steps were carved into the side of the mountain range. Today there are also cable cars that tourists can use to ride directly from the base to one of the summits.
Li River Cruise
Li River Cruiseflickr/s.laqua
A Li River cruise from Guilin to Yangshuo is the highlight of any trip to northeastern Guangxi Province. The landscape is decorated with amazing hills, steep cliffs, incredible caves and farming villages, and is lined with bamboo groves. With its breathtaking scenery and taste of a life far removed from the concrete metropolis, the scenery along the Li River is one of the top tourist attractions in China.
Terracotta Army
Terracotta Armyflickr/pmorgan
The Terracotta Army is a collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang (221 BC-206 BC), the first Emperor of China. It is the most popular tourist attraction in Xián and one of the most popular in all of China. It is estimated that in the three pits containing the Terracotta Army there were over 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses and 150 cavalry horses, the majority of which are still buried in the pits.
Victoria Harbour
Victoria Harbourflickr/Image Zen
Victoria Harbour is a major tourist attraction in Hong Kong and one of the deepest container ports in the world. The bay offers stunning views of the skyscrapers of Hong Kong island on one side, and the Tsim Sha Tsui shoreline on the other. Victoria Harbour is also one of the busiest harbors in the world with hundreds of ferries, junks and speed boats darting up and down the shore. One of the best ways to see the harbor is a trip on the Star Ferry.
Forbidden City
Forbidden Cityflickr/televiseus
Located in the center of Beijing, the Forbidden City is the world’s largest palace covering 72 hectares. Built from 1406 to 1420, the palace complex consists of 980 surviving buildings with 8,707 rooms surrounded by a six meter (20 ft) deep moat and a ten meter (33 ft) high wall. Twenty-four emperors reigned over the country for almost 5 centuries from the Forbidden City until the abdication of Puyi, the last Emperor of China. Today the Forbidden City is a museum and one of the most popular tourist attractions in China.
Potala Palace
Potala Palaceflickr/ecreyes
Situated 130 meters above the Lhasa valley, the Potala Palace rises a further 170 meters and is the greatest monumental structure in all of Tibet. The construction of the present palace began in 1645 during the reign of the 5th Dalai Lama and by 1648 the Potrang Karpo, or White Palace, was completed. The Potrang Marpo, or Red Palace, was added between 1690 and 1694. The Potala Palace remained the residence of the Dalai Lama until the 14th Dalai Lama fled to India, after the Chinese invasion in 1959.
Great Wall of China
#1 of Tourist Attractions In Chinaflickr/betta design
The Great Wall of China built, rebuilt, and maintained between the 5th century BC and the 16th century to protect the northern borders of the Chinese Empire from the attacks of nomadic tribes from the north. The majority of the existing wall were built during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD). The condition of the Great Wall of China ranges from excellent to ruined. The most popular area of the Great Wall is at Bādálǐng. Also renovated but less touristy are Sīmǎtái and Jīnshānlǐng.

Important Places for Tourists at Tamil Nadu

Tamil Nadu Tourism and Important Tourist Destinations

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Tamil Nadu is the land of the Tamils and it has a history that dates back to several thousand years. It is a land where traditions and culture blend and continue to live in harmony. The state abounds in monuments and temples that are ancient and each has its own story of religious, artistic and cultural accomplishment and specialty waiting to be heard.

Are there answers to be found on its beaches and hill stations as they welcome the traveler? We are sure you will form your own opinions and have your own perceptions as we welcome you to this enchanting and ancient Dravidian land, in the extreme south of peninsular India.

Tamil Nadu has a long coastline that stretches nearly a 1000 kms. The Coromandel Coast, along the Bay of Bengal, boasts of many ideal locations for sun and surf. Golden sands of the beach are dotted with coconut palm and casuarina groves. The sea washes ashore pebbles and shells and the gentle breeze sways the yachts and catamarans into the deeper waters of the sea and the waters form small dunes on the shore. Crabs play hide-and-seek by coming out of one burrow, and taking refuge in another. Sea gulls hover in the sky and then rest on the sails of the fishing boats. There are many more breathtaking sights that will please you and hold you spell bound in Tamil Nadu.

CHENNAI:
Fort St.George, Fort Museum, Government Museum and National Art Gallery (Egmore), Birla Planetarium, Connemare Library, Amir Mahal, Kalakshetra, Theosophical Society, Vivekananda Memorial, Bharathi Memorial, Anna/MGR Samathi (Marina), Kapaleeshwarar Temple (Mylapore), Parthasarathy Temple (Triplicane), Madhya Kailash Temple, Kaligambhal Temple, Vadapalani Murugan Temple, Ashtalakshmi Temple, Maruntheeshwarar Temple, Thiruneermalai Temple, Santhome Cathedral, Little Mount, St Mary's Church, St. Thomas Mount Church, Thousand Lights, Wallajah Big, Periyamedu Mosques, Egmore Buddha Vihar, T.Nagar Gurudhwara, Mylapore Jain Guru Mandhir, Kali Bari, Light House.
Marina Beach, Elliot's Beach, Santhome Beach, Covelong Beach, Children's Park, Snake Park (Adyar), Visweswarayya Tower and Park, Guindy National Park.

COIMBATORE: 
Maruthamalai Murugan, Perur Patteeshwar Swamy - Pacchainayagi Amman, Masani Amman, Thirumoorthy, Echanari Vinayakar, Velliangiri Andavar (Panchalingam), Dhiyanalinga Temples, Kottaimedu Mosque, Thirupur Kumaran Memorial.
V.O.C Park, Vaidehi Falls, Siruvani Falls and Dam, Aliyar Dam, Monkey Falls, Cholayar Dam, Kovai Kutralum, Amaravathi Crocodile Farm, Valparai, Topslip, Amaravathi Dam, Anaimalai Sanctuary, Theme Parks: Black Thunder, Jolly World, Kovai Kondattam. 

CUDDALORE: 
Ruins of Cuddalore Port, St. David Fort, Chidambaram Natrajar Temple, Thiruvanthipuram Vishnu Temple, Vadalur Vallalar Sathya Gnana Sabhai, Virudhachalam Viudhagireeshwar Temple.
Pichavaram, Devanampatnam Beach.

DHARMAPURI: 
Adhiyaman Fort, Dharmapuri Mallikarjuna Swamy, Hanumanth Theertham, Annasagaram Temples, Ariyanatha Swamy Temple.
Hogenakal Falls.

DINDIGUL: 
Dindigul Fort, Palani Murugan, Kottai Mariamman, Rajakaliamman temples, Behampur Big Mosque, St. John's Church.
Kodaikanal, Thadikkompu, Sirumalai.

ERODE: 
Erode Siva - Vishnu, Pannari Mariamman, Bhavanisagar Sangameshwar, Kodumudi, Chennimalai Murugan, Dharapuram Siva, Kangeyam Muruga Temples, Periyar E.V.R Memorial.
Bhavanisagar, Kodiveri Dam - Falls.

KANCHIPURAM:
Kanchipuram temples (Kamakshi Ekambareshwar, Kailashnath, Varadharaja Perumal, Ulaghalantha Perumal, Kumarakkottam, Jain Temples), Mamallapuram (world renowned shore/cave temples), Tirukkalukkundram Vedagireeshwar temple, Madurantakam Ramar, Sriperumbudur Adhikeshava, Mangadu Kamakshiamman, Vallakkottai Murugan, Tiruvandanthai Lakshmi Varaha Perumal, Melmaruvathur Adhi Parasakthi, Singaperumal, Nanganallur Anjeneya, Uttiramerur Sundaravaradha Perumal, Thirupparuthikundram Jain Temples, Dakshina Chitra Cultural Centre, Sakunthala Jagannathan Folklore Museum.

Vedantangal Bird Sanctuary, Muttukadh (Boat House), Mudaliarkuppam Lake, Anna Zoological Park at Vandalur, Theme Parks (Kishkintha, VGP, MGM, Mayajal) 

KANYAKUMARI:
Kanyakumari Kumari Amman Temple, Vivekananda Rock Memorial, Thiruvalluvar Statue, Gandhi Memorial, Suchindram Thanumalayan Temple, Swamithoppu Vaikundharpathy, Nagerkoil Nagaraja, Kumarakoil Murugan, Mandaikkadu Bhagawathy, Keralapuram Vinayaga Temples (colour changing Ganapathy!), Kottar St. Xavier Church, Thiruvattar Temple, Palliyadi Old Palli, Takkalai Gnanamamedhai Dargah, Avvaiyar Temple, Chidharal Jain Temples, Vattakkotai fort, Udayagiri fort, Padmanabhapuram Palace, Kanyakumari Government Art Gallery, Thalakkulam Veluthampi Thalavai memorial. 

Cape Comorin Beach , Murugankundram, Chotthaivizhai, Sankuthurai, Muttam Beaches , Marutthuvamalai, Ulakkai Falls , Pechiparai Dam, thengapatnam, Bay Watch. 

KARUR:
Pugazhimalai, Karur Mariamman, Pasupatheeshwar, Thanthoni Kalyana Venkataramaswamy, Uppidamangalam Adiyarku Eliar, Mettumahanpuram Mahalakshmi Amman, Velayudhampalayam Hill Temples. 

KRISHNAGIRI:
Rayakkottai, Hosur Fort, Kaveripatnam Poongavanathamman Temple, Thali Venugopalaswamy Temple, Thorappally Rajaji Memorial, Papparappatty Subramania Siva Memorial.
Hosur, Thali, Nedungal Dams. 

MADURAI:
Meenakshi Amman Temple, Thirumalai Nayak Mahal, Vandiyur Mariamman Temple Theppakkulam, Kochchadi Ayyanar, Koodal Azhagar, Pazhamudhircholai Murugan, Thiruvadhavur, Madappuram Badhrakali Amman Temples, Goripalayam Dargah, Narimedu C.S.I. Chruch.
Rajaji Park ,Adhisayam Theme Park. 

NAGAPPATINAM: 
Port, City Entrance, Tarangampadi, Poompuhar, Vedaranyeshwar, Tirukadavur Abirami Amman, Sirkazhi, Vaithiswarankoil, Sikkal Temples, Velanganni Matha Church and Museum, Nagur Dargah, Thillayadi Valliammai Memorial.
Kodikkarai (Pt. Calimere) Bird Sanctuary.

NAMAKKAL: 
Namakkal Fort, Narasimha - Anjeneya, Tiruchengodu Hill Arthanareeshwar, Kailashnath Temples.
Kolli Hills, Akash Ganga Falls.

PERAMBALUR: 
Maligai Medu, Jayamkondacholapuram, Ranjankudi Fort, Sathanur (Tree Fossil), Gangaikonda cholapuram, Perambalur Madanagopalaswamy, Siruvachur Madhurakaliamman, Periaswamy Hill, Thirumazhapadi Siva Temples, Elakurichi Church.

Periaswamy Temple, Karaivetty Bird Sanctuary, Pachchaimalai, Mayiluththu, Yanaikkatty Falls. 

PUDUKKOTTAI: 
Pudukkottail, Sittannavasal, Kudumiyanmalai, Nartamalai, Tirumayam Fort, remains of Aranthagi Fort, Koharneeshwar Rock-Cut, Viralimalai Murugan Temples, Avur Churches, Kumaramalai Murugan Temple, Kattubhava Pallivasal Mosque, Vendhanpatti Meenakshi Chokkeshwar Temple, Thirukoharnam Museum.

RAMANATHAPURAM: 
Ramanatha Swamy Temple, Ramalinga Vilas Palace, Nampunayagi Amman, Uppur Veyulugantha Amman, Satchi Hanumar, Panchamukha Hanumar, Uthirakosamangai Nataraj, Thiruppullai Temples, Ervadi Dargah, Oriyur Church, Rameshwaram Marine Museum, Mandapam Aquarium.

Dhanushkodi Bird Sanctuary, Kanchirankulam/Chithirankudi Marine Bird Sanctuary, Sethukkarai, Kanthamadhana Parvatham, Adam's Bridge, Valinokkam Beach, Gurusadai Island, Thondi, Pampan Bridge.

SALEM: 
Sanghagiri Fort, Arahalur, Sughavanaeshwar, Chervaroy Hill, Ariyanur 108 Linga, Tharamangalam Kailashnathar, Mettur Ayyanar Temples, Sanghagiri St. Anthony's Church, Jumma Masjid.

Yercaud, Kulliyaru Falls, Bear Cave, Mettur Dam, Poimankaradu, Pelur, Dreamland theme park.

SIVAGANGA: 
Sankarapathy Fort, Piranmalai, Thanithangal rock cut cave, Kundrakudi rock cut cave, Kanadhukathan Palace, Chettinad houses, Kalaiyarkoil Kaleeshwar, Pillayarpatti Karpaga Vinayagar, Thirupachethi Maragadhalinga, Kandadevi, Edaikattur Navagraha (Siddha), and Madha Church, Kottaiyur Mariamman, Madappuram Kaliamman, Nattarasankottai Kannudainayathi amman Temples, Hanumanthakudi Dargah, Marudhupandiyar Memorial, Deivam Wonderland.
Vettankudi Bird Sanctuary.

THENI: 
Allinagaram Veerappa Ayyanar, Suruli Velappar, Kailashnathar Cave, Kuchchanur Saneeshwar Temples, Abubakkar Mastahn Dargah.
Velli Hills, Kumbakkarai Falls, Suruli Falls, Meghamalai Falls, Theerthathuty Natural Spring, Vaigai Dam, Kambam Valley, Shothupparai Dam, Periyar Dam, Bodi Medu, Tiger Falls, Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary.

THANJAVUR: 
Port, City Entrance,
Thanjavur Palace, Saraswathi Mahal Library, Thanjavur Brahadeeshwar, Manora Victory Tower, Suryanar, Kumbakonam, Dharasuram Iravatheeswar, Thiruvalanjuzhi, Thirunageswaram, Natchiyarkoil, Swamimalai Murugan Temples. Poondy Matha Church, Thanjavur Double Masthan Dargah, Kallanai.

THE NILGIRIS:
Udagamandalam Lake, Botanical Gardens, Rose Gardens, Doda Betta Peak, Wenlock Downs, Kalhatty Falls, Glenmorgan, Coonoor, Pykara, Avalanche Lake, Mukurhti Peak and National Park, Upper Bhavani, Kothagiri, Hanging Bridge, Bhagasura Hill Fort, Cherampadi, Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Theppakkadu Elephant Camp.

TIRUCHCHIRAPPALLI:
Rock Fort, Main Guard Gate Fort, Uraiyur, Gunaseelam Prasanna Venkateshwar, Utchi Pillayar, Thayumanavar, Srirangam Ranganathar, Jambhugeswar, Gunaseelam Uthamarkoil, Vayalur Murugan, Samayapuram Mariamman, Erumpheeshwar Temples, Nat har vali Dargah, Nadhirshag Dargah, St.Lourde's Church, Oomaiyan Fort.

Mukkombu Dam, Pachchaimalai, Puliancholai.

TIRUNELVELI:
Sri Gandhimathiamman - Sri Nellaiappar, Salai Kumaraswamy, Kurukkutthurai Murugan, Krishnapuram Venkatachalapathy, Sankaranarayanar, Kutthalanathar, Tenkasi Viswanathar, Thirumalaippuram rock cut, Cheranmdevi Milaghu Pillayar, Sri Vaikundam, Papanasam, Nanguneri Vanamamalai, Vuvari Swambhunathar Temples and Ship-shaped Church, Palayamkootai Oosikkopura Church, Pottalpudur Muhaideen Andavar Dargah, Atthankarai Pallivasal, Pulithevan Memorial.
Kuttalam (Courtallam), Manimutthar Dam, Agasthiar Falls, Maancholai, Kumbaruthi Falls, Ambasamudhram.

Kalakkadu (Lion-tailed Monkey), Vallanadu (Spot Deer, Birds), Kunthakulam (Birds), Mundanthurai (Tiger), Munradaippu (Birds).

TIRUVALLUR:
Tiruvallur, Periyapalayam Bhavani Amman, Tiruvalangadu Siva, Thiruverkadu Devi Karumariamman, Tiruttani Murugan Temples.
Pulicut Lake and Bird Watch, Cholavaram, Poondi, Puzhal reservoirs.

TIRUVANNAMALAI:
Ramanashram, Seshadhiri Swamigal Ashram, Yogi Ramsuratkumar Ashram, Tiruvannamalai Arunachaleswar Temple, Rajgiri, Melchitthamur, Vazhuthavur Fort, Manahapatty rock cut, Thalavanur rock cut, Thirumalaikundru Jain, Arunachaleswar, Panaimalai Thalagireeshwar temples, Thennangore Radhakrishna Temple, Cross-shaped St. Lourd Church, Padavedu Amman Temple, Arani Vempuli Amman Temple, Big Mosque.
Sattanur Dam

THIRUVARUR:
Thiruvarur Thiyagarajar, Mannargudi Rajagopalaswamy, Thirukkannapuram Vishnu, Thillaivilaham Kothandaramar, Alangudi Siva, Yengan Muruga, Kuththanur Saraswathy Temples, Jambhavan Odai Dargah.

Kamalalayam Reservoir, Udayamarthandapuram Bird Sanctuary, Vaduvur Bird Sanctuary

TUTICORIN:
Tiruchchendur Murugan, Kazhughumalai Murugan, Kulasekarapatnam Muthumariamman temples, Manapadu Church, Panimayamatha Chruch, Panchalamkuruchi Kattabhomman Fort, Kayathar Kattabomman Memorial, Ettaiyapuram, Bharathi Memorial, Ottapidaram V.O.C Memorial.
Ayyanarkoil natural springs.

VELLORE:
Vellore Fort, Muthumandapam, Vallimalai Cave, Thirumalai Jain Temples, Melpadi Pallipadai, Mahendravadi

Cave Temples, Thakkolam, Arcot Nawab's Palace, Panchapandavar Hills, Jalagandeshwar, Rathnagiri Murugan, Sholinghur Yoga Narasimha-Anjeneya, Pallikondan Ranganathar, Chenpakkam Selva Vinayaga, Kangeyanallur Murugan Temples, Melvisharam Mosque.

Yelagiri Hills, Kavanur Astronomical Centre, Kadampur Hills, Kanchanagiri, Kaveripakkam Lake, Nilavur Village, Javadhu Hills, Jalagamparai Waterfalls, Amirthi Zoological Park.

VILUPPURAM:
Gingee Fort, Tirukkovilur Kapilar Hillock, Sadhakkutthullah Khan Mosque, Trivikramar, Thumpur Nagamman (1,450 years old), Patchaiamman, Melmalayanur Angala Parameswari, Kuvakkam Kuthandavar, Ennayiram Narasimha Swamy Temples, Melnariyappanur Chruch, 24 Theerthankara Caves, Mel Malayanur Temple, Thiruvakkarai Stone Trees.

Marakkanam Beach, Kalvarayan Hills, Annamangalam Chunai, Auroville.

VIRUDHUNAGAR:
Tiruchuli Ramanshram, Sundara Mandhiram (house where Ramana Maharishi was born), Bhuminatha Swamy, Srivilliputhur Andal Vadapathrasai, Erukkankudi Mariamman Temples, St. Xavier's Chrurch, Guhanparai Temple, Kamarajar Memorial.

Senbagathoppu Sanctuary(flying squirrel), Ayyanar Falls, Pilavakkal Dam, Kullurchanthai reservior, Vembakottai reservior

Important Tourists Places Around India

Wagah is the only road border crossing between Pakistan and India, and lies on the Grand Trunk Road between the cities of Lahore and Amritsar (in India).

The Wagah border, often called the "Berlin wall of Asia", is a ceremonial border on the India-Pakistan Border where each evening there is a retreat ceremony called 'lowering of the flags', which has been held since 1959. At that time there is an energetic parade by the Border Security Force (B.S.F) of India and the Pakistan Rangers soldiers. It may appear slightly aggressive and even hostile to foreigners but in fact the paraders are imitating the pride and anger of a Cockerel. Troops of each country put on a show in their uniforms with their colorful turbans. Border officials from the two countries sometimes walk over to the offices on the other side for day to day affairs. The happenings at this border post have been a barometer of the India-Pakistan relations over the years.


Samjhauta Express, the train service between Lahore and Delhi, plies twice a week from Attari railway station, 5 km from Wagah. The National Highway of India starts from Wagah Border, and is the transit point for the Delhi–Lahore Bus service operating within the Punjab between Amritsar and Lahore, which was started in 2004 as relations between the two countries improved.

Interesting Info about Wagah Border

Location:  Grand Trunk Road [Between the cities of Lahore (Pakistan) and Amritsar (India)]
Type of site: Border Post
Time to See: 4:0 hrs to 5:0 hrs
Opening Time: 4:00 P.M
Closing Time: 5:00 P.M
Last Entry Time: 4:00 P.M
Entrance Fees:  No Fee
Avoidable Season: May, June
Enjoyed by: History lovers
Connectivity: Taxi is an option
Nuisance: The site is very peaceful and free of irritants
Special Attributes: The palpable energy and enthusiasm on either side of the border as the martial flag-lowering ceremony takes place.
Tip: Need to scamper for a good seat as the event draws big crowds

Recommended travel directions from popular tourist places to Wagah Border

Route from Ambala to Wagah Border
Approximate distance 291 km | Drive time about: 5.82 hrs

Route from Amritsar to Wagah Border
Approximate distance 26 km | Drive time about: 0.52 hrs

Route from Jalandhar to Wagah Border
Approximate distance 119 km | Drive time about: 2.38 hrs

Route from Karnal to Wagah Border
Approximate distance 371 km | Drive time about: 7.42 hrs

Route from Khanna to Wagah Border
Approximate distance 219 km | Drive time about: 4.38 hrs

Route from Ludhiana to Wagah Border
Approximate distance 178 km | Drive time about: 3.56 hrs

Route from New Delhi to Wagah Border
Approximate distance 492 km | Drive time about: 9.84 hrs

Route from Panipat to Wagah Border
Approximate distance 406 km | Drive time about: 8.12 hrs

Route from Pipli to Wagah Border
Approximate distance 340 km | Drive time about: 6.8 hrs

Route from Rayya to Wagah Border
Approximate distance 69 km | Drive time about: 1.38 hrs

Route from Transport Nagar to Wagah Border
Approximate distance 479 km | Drive time about: 9.58 hrs

‘Soft’ Borders

It makes life very inconvenient for those living along the border.

Hardev Singh is a farmer, working his family's land which was marooned in no-man's land in 1947.

Now he needs a special permit to reach his lush, green rice paddy fields which are on the other side of a high, wide and rusty barbed-wire fence.

Only he is allowed access to work the fields alone at specific times in the heat of every other day, there are limits on crop sizes and there is the degrading need for body searches when he goes in and out.

He hates the crowds and the military posturing just up the fence at the sunset ceremony.

"People who come to see it say relations between India and Pakistan are getting better but it's not changed for us," he said.

"When I stand in my farm I don't feel India is even an independent country."

Despite the bitterness and the bureaucracy there is some optimism that change will come.

Kuldeep Nayyar was formerly an Indian High Commissioner to Britain but is now an activist for peace between Pakistan and India.

"We want to foster the India-Pakistan friendship," he said, welcoming a Pakistani delegation at the border ahead of a midnight peace ceremony.

"My dream is that the borders should become soft - from Afghanistan to Burma - and we can have a common market like Europe. Identities will remain, but we will work on fighting poverty."

That dream is still a long way off, but he hopes every anniversary of partition will bring better relations that little bit closer.

History of Wagah Border

During British rule the village was part of the Lahore Division of British Punjab.[9] In 1947 the division, like the village, was split between India and Pakistan.

Since independence in 1947, porters have been carrying goods across the Wagah border.[citation needed] This was the only road link between the two nations between the closure of the border crossing at Ganda Singh Wala / Hussainiwala in the 1970s and the opening of Aman Setu in Kashmir for the start of the Srinagar–Muzaffarabad Bus in 1999.

On August 14-15, 2001, the respective Independence days of Pakistan and India, the candle-lighting ceremony at the Wagah border, in which 40,000 Pakistani citizens and 15,000 Indian citizens took part, was seen as a reflection of the changing public mood over India-Pakistan reconciliation; such candlelight vigils and the yearly 'Midnight Peace Festivals' were also reported in subsequent years.

There have been many calls for the opening up of Wagah border to promote Indo-Pak trade through increased transport between India and Pakistan. In March 2005, a delegation of the Indian Border Security Force met the Pakistan Rangers at the Wagah border to discuss the border issue after three years since the 2001-2002 India-Pakistan standoffs.

In May 2005, Pakistan allowed the import of five specified food items, free of tax via Wagah border to tide over shortages in the domestic market; eventually, in an unprecedented move, on 1 October 2006, trucks carrying goods crossed the Wagah border for the first time since the independence of Pakistan and India over 60 years ago. The 1,400 Pakistani and 1,300 Indian porters employed till then were employed in unloading lorries and trucks, with this the bi-lateral arrangement which accounted for $1.3 billion (£650 million) a year in trade in 2007 and was expected to exceed $10 billion by 2010. The trade has further improved since then through the Wagah post, despite the ups and downs of Indo-Pakistani relations.

With over 8000 people visiting the border on an average day just on the Indian side, governments have started developing Wagah as a tourist destination, improving tourist and custom facilities. The Indian government plans to develop a global tourist complex at the Wagah-Attari border, which lies 30 km away from Amritsar.

 
 
As the relations between the two nations improved, the joint talks to tone down the sunset ceremony were held between BSF and Pakistan rangers, and the two later started "reorienting" their personnel involved in the ceremony, effects of which were seen by November 2006, when the evening ceremony at the border was considerably less aggressive than in previous decades on both sides.

In July 2010, as part of a move initiated by India, both countries agreed to tone down the aggressiveness exhibited by soldiers during the gate closing ceremony. This was owing to the fact that the soldiers hurt their feet and knees performing the goose-stepping every day

Flag-lowering ceremony at Wagah border

The traditionally hostile flag-lowering ceremony at the Wagah border post between India and Pakistan will become a relic of the past after almost five decades from Monday as authorities from both sides have agreed to do away with the show-piece event of aggression. The decision was reached in Lahore, capital of Pakistan's Punjab province, on Saturday after a meeting of visiting Director General of Indian Border Security Force (BSF) Raman Srivastava with Maj. Gen. Yaqub Ali Khan, director general of Pakistan Rangers (Punjab).



"We have decided to end the angry eyeball-to-eyeball exchange, thumping of boots and other aggressive gestures from the flag-lowering parade," said Maj Gen Khan. "I had come to Pakistan to extend a hand of friendship and feel happy that it has been emphatically reciprocated," said Srivastava.

The animated display by the border guards had become synonymous with the parade at Wagah border and was greeted by loud cheers and slogan-mongering from spectators on both sides.

The traditional event always attracted spectacular coverage and has been covered by almost every publication and TV channel around the world.

"The jawans taking part in the flag-lowering ceremony will shake hands properly from here onwards," the officials said.

Both sides also agreed to hold regular sports events between Indian and Pakistani troops to promote friendship and ease tensions.

 
A similar effort was also made to lessen animated gestures in the parade during former Pakistani president Pervez Musharraf's tenure when the peace process was initiated between both countries in 2004, but it could not last long as tensions resurfaced.

The current style of flag-lowering ceremony started at the Wagah border in 1960.

The 19-member Indian delegation spent five days in Lahore to discuss issues related to cross-border tensions, smuggling and release of fishermen and will now pursue these points with their respective governments to form a joint mechanism to resolve such issues.

History of Grand Trunk Road

The Grand Trunk Road (commonly abbreviated to GT Road) is one of South Asia's oldest and longest major roads. For several centuries, it has linked the eastern and western regions of the Indian subcontinent, running from Bangladesh, across north India, into Peshawar in Pakistan up to Kabul, Afghanistan. It was initiated by Chandra Gupta Maurya, and later renovated and extended by the famous Pashtun ruler Sher Shah Suri.

Recent research indicates that during the time of the Maurya empire in the 3rd century BC, overland trade between India and several parts of western Asia and the Hellenic world went through the cities of the north-west, primarily Taxila (located in present day Pakistan)(see inset in map). Taxila was well connected by roads with other parts of the Maurya empire. The Mauryas had built a highway from Taxila to Pataliputra (present-day Patna in Bihar, India). Great Chandragupta Maurya had a whole army of officials overseeing the maintenance of this road as told by the Greek diplomat Megasthenes who spent fifteen years at the Mauryan court.

 
In the 16th century, a major road running across the Gangetic plain was built afresh by Pashtun emperor Sher Shah Suri, who then ruled much of northern India. His intention was to link together the remote provinces of his vast empire for administrative and military reasons. The Sadak-e-Azam ("great road") as it was then known, is universally recognized as having been the precursor of the Grand Trunk Road.

The road was initially built by Sher Shah to connect Agra, his capital, with Sasaram, his hometown. It was soon extended westward to Multan and eastward to Sonargaon in Bengal (now in Bangladesh). While Sher Shah died after a brief reign, and his dynasty ended soon afterwards, the road endured as his outstanding legacy. The Mughals, who succeeded the Suris, extended the road westwards: at one time, it extended to Kabul in Afghanistan, crossing the Khyber Pass. This road was later improved by the British rulers of colonial India. Renamed the "Grand Trunk Road" (sometimes referred to as the "Long Walk"), it was extended to run from Calcutta to Peshawar and thus to span a major portion of India.

Over the centuries, the road, which was one of the most important trade routes in the region, facilitated both travel and postal communication. Even during the era of Sher Shah Suri, the road was dotted with caravansarais (highway inns) at regular intervals, and trees were planted on both sides of the road to give shade to the passers-by. The road was well planned, with milestones along the whole stretch. Some of these milestones can still be seen along the present Delhi-Ambala highway. On another note, the road also facilitated the rapid movement of troops and of foreign invaders. It expedited the looting raids, into India's interior regions, of Afghan and Persian invaders and also facilitated the movement of British troops from Bengal into the north Indian plain.

Tourist attraction:

This political icon that saw the partition has now become a major tourist attraction; almost eight thousand people visit the border everyday to witness the flag lowering ceremony that lasts for about forty-five minutes. The Indian government is even thinking about opening a tourist complex near the border to increase and promote it as a tourist attraction.

Peace activist’s playground: 

This place has slowly become the peace activist’s domain even though many foreigners find the ceremony to be very aggressive in nature. In March 2000 many women activists from India made the first border crossing from India to Pakistan. This was after the bloodless coup de tat in Pakistan and the Kargil war. Interestingly it attracted the attention of Jaswant Singh who was the foreign minister of India; recently expelled from his party because of alleged remarks about praising Jinnah, in his book, who was the founder of Pakistan.

The Parliament attack: 

The Indian parliament was attacked in 2001 and in the wake of these attacks by alleged Pakistani terrorists there was a massive build-up of troops on the border. An incident took place at this time that made the Wagah border an icon of war and peace. Allegedly, a Pakistani Jawan pulled out his weapon and pointed it at Indian spectators. Since this incident the Wagah border has become a barometer for gauging the heat (politically or otherwise) between the two countries.

Grim paradox:

The increasing tension between the two countries has not abated the number of people visiting Wagah. In fact the number of tourists has increased, making it a sad paradox that the ceremony is enjoyed under the shadow of the imminent threat of a war. Some people visit in the hope of showing their support for peace, some for patriotic reasons and others for pure entertainment.

The ceremony:

The ceremony starts every evening at dusk and lasts for about forty-five minutes. The Indian side is comprised of Border Security Force (B.S.F) Soldiers and the Pakistani side has Pakistan Rangers. Both sides are precise, aggressive and grim while performing the ceremony. The crowd usually grows silent and the adrenalin and tension is palpable. Soldiers on both sides are almost seven feet tall and dressed in colorful turbans and khaki. The flags are folded with a surgeon’s precision and brought back. The ceremony ends with a retreat that involves a handshake between the soldiers.

Mixed feelings: 
After the ceremony is over people from both the countries are within touchable distance of each other. However, interaction and talking is not permitted by both the governments. In spite of this there are shouts of “Greetings from India” or “Greetings from Pakistan” by spectators. Spectators are not even allowed to touch the ones on the other side. Many people return home with mixed feelings about the relations between India and Pakistan. The Wagah border has an iconic significance for both the countries and is a grim reminder of the past and the present tensions between them


Galleries of Wagah Border

Indian National Symbol
Indian Side of Wagah Border

Indian Border Security Soldier
Wagah Border Gate Opens
Carrying the Flag
Indian and Pakistani Flags Raised at the Gate
Oct. 26 Wagah Border ceremony in-step
Pakistani Side of Wagah Border
Wagah Border Flag Lowering
Indian Border Security